高分辨率遥感图像在城市快速震害预测中的应用研究

以河南省某县城为例,通过分析高分辨率遥感图像,获取建筑物的属性信息,结合相关调查数据,建立震害矩阵,得到震害预测结果,计算综合地震危险性指数,评价该区域综合抗震能力。与实际调研结果对比后发现,基于高分表率遥感图像的建筑物信息提取技术具有较高精度,能够满足大范围快速震害预测的需要。     

湖北省2005-2009年生态环境状况评价分析

利用遥感解译数据分析了湖北省2005—2009年的土地利用变化,同时根据《生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)》(HJ/T 192—2006),对该区域生态环境状况进行综合评价,对生态环境指标变化情况进行对比分析。结果表明,2005—2009年湖北省的生态环境状况均为良好,生态环境状况指数保持在70左右。这期间指数值变化主要受水网密度指数和环境质量指数影响,变化幅度均小于2,属于无明显变化级别。     

基于Alos的遥感技术在江苏省太湖流域一级保护区水环境综合整治中的应用

江苏省太湖流域一级保护区综合整治是治理太湖的重点工作,直接关系太湖湖体水环境质量。本文通过遥感技术对江苏省太湖流域一级保护区土地利用类型进行了解析,将一级保护区土地分解为15种利用类型,结果表明:一级保护区建设用地总面积为235.1km2,土地开发强度为17.2%。高强度的土地开发是造成太湖及主要入湖河流污染的首要原因,故整治太湖流域一级保护区首要任务是严格控制建设用地规模,降低污染物排放负荷。     

汤逊湖水体叶绿素浓度遥感估测研究

内陆水体叶绿素浓度遥感监测的各种经验模型在模型的方法和参数上都有一定的时空限制。为了实现武汉汤逊湖叶绿素浓度的遥感监测,利用同步实测的光谱数据和水质数据进行了该湖泊叶绿素浓度的遥感定量反演研究。首先分析了汤逊湖水体的反射率光谱曲线;其次通过相关分析的方法,发现了汤逊湖水体反射率在单波段法、一阶微分法和比值法建模中的最优波段或组合,并进行了一元线性建模;最后对3种模型的反演精度进行了比较分析。结果表明,对于汤逊湖叶绿素浓度遥感反演,一阶微分法和比值法优于单波段法,一阶微分法的最优波段在446.9 nm附近,比值法的最优波段组合为R861.1/R865.7,二者回归R2都在0.86以上。本项研究可为汤逊湖叶绿素浓度的遥感估测提供了参考。     

Sense and Influence: Environmental Monitoring Tools and the Power of Citizen Science

Automated monitoring devices are useful technologies for communities seeking to document and solve environmental problems. However, without deeper scrutiny of their design and deployment, there is a risk that they will fail to have the impact that many of their promoters intend. We develop a rubric for analysing how different kinds of monitoring devices help environmental advocates influence public debates. We apply this rubric in a study of environmental organizations in Pennsylvania that are choosing between recruiting volunteer citizen scientists and using automated sensor-based devices to gather water quality data in streams threatened by hydraulic fracturing for natural gas. Many organizations rely on volunteers using simple monitoring tools because they are affordable and produce easily managed data sets. An argument for this method of monitoring is that volunteering in the field also fosters citizen engagement in environmental debates. By comparison, we find the increased use of automated devices tends to reinforce hierarchies of expertise and constrains the agendas of nonprofessionals who participate in monitoring projects. We argue that these findings suggest that automated technologies, however effective they may be in gathering data on environmental quality, are not well designed to support broad public participation in environmental science and politics.     

基于NDVI指数的骆马湖水生植被分级研究

基于典型时段骆马湖LandsatTM遥感影像,利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）法对骆马湖水生植被进行分级研究.采用标准差分级方法,将骆马湖水生植被分为5个等级.研究结果表明,利用这种分级方法处理的图像能够较准确地反映骆马湖水生植被区域分布和等级分区,能够更准确地给出采砂区和生态保护区域的位置,增强湖区水生态环境保护工作的有效性和针对性.     

Small farm ponds: overlooked features with important impacts on watershed sediment transport

Despite their size, small farm ponds are important features in many landscapes. Yet hydrographical databases often fail to capture these ponds, and their impacts on watershed processes remain unclear. For a 230‐km² portion of central Texas, United States (U.S.), we created a historical inventory of ponds and quantified the accuracy of automated detection methods under varying drought conditions. In addition, we documented pond dredging/enlargement events and identified sites that had been abandoned. We also analyzed sediment cores from downstream reservoirs to track changes in watershed sediment transport. Over 75 years, pond densities increased more than 350% — to among the highest documented in the U.S. — and the ability of automated methods to detect these ponds was highly dependent on drought severity (R² = 0.96). Approximately 5% of ponds present in the 1950s were no longer present in 2012, while 33% were dredged between 1937 and 2012. Downstream reservoir sedimentation has decreased by an average of 55% as ponds have increased in number. These findings suggest that small ponds and the maintenance of trapping efficiency have large‐scale impacts on sediment dynamics. Accurately accounting for these storage effects is vital to water resource planning efforts.     

天水市大气SO2浓度时空变化特征的卫星遥感监测与影响分析

大气卫星遥感监测作为一种新型监测手段,具有范围广、速度快、成本低等优势,对环境应急保护及其预警都具有非常重要的意义。选取天水市2006—2013年各年12月每日OMI level-2数据产品,利用Aura卫星技术和Arc GIS等技术平台,对天水市大气中SO_2的时空分布规律和污染原因进行了分析研究。结果表明:2006—2013年天水市SO_2柱浓度及其总量呈现出明显增加的趋势,但在2008年有小幅降低;在2008年以前,天水市SO_2浓度呈现出由东南向西北逐渐减少的趋势,但自2009年后污染重心发生迁移并且出现了数个集中化的SO_2高值区;研究区SO_2垂直柱浓度有自然因素、人类活动等多方面的复合影响,其中能源消耗及机动车尾气排放是主要影响因素。研究进一步讨论了遥感数据产品的应用前景。     

数字长江河道实验中遥感技术应用研究——以长江江苏段为例

在数字长江河道试验中充发分挥遥感技术的作用，应用多平台，多时相遥感技术，对长江河床演变、江岸变迁、河道边界条件、护岸工程等进行数据采集，建立长江河道数据库。开展南通河段水深遥感探测试验，在水深遥感机理分析的基础上，通过准同步的遥感光谱亮度值与相关水深实测数据的计算，建立该河段水深遥感模型，对河床水下地形进行反演。试验研究表明，应用陆地卫星TM数据对含沙量较高的长江河口段水深进行探测有一定的效果，其探测深度可达5m。对近岸水深条件及岸线资源利用现状进行数据采集，在GIS支持下，应用地理信息图谱方法对江岸稳定性进行综合评价，将岸线根据其稳定性划分为稳定岸、强侵蚀岸、弱侵蚀岸、强淤积岸的弱淤积岸5个类型，根据其近岸水深条件划分为深水岸、中深水岸和浅水岸三大类型，建立长江岸线资源专题数据库。在此基础上，对长江江苏段河道演变特征、江岸稳定性及不同性质岸线的利用情况进行分析研究，提出河道整治、防洪和岸线资源合理开发利用的对策建议。     

江苏省水稻遥感估产研究

结合水稻遥感估产研究工作，阐述了遥感估产全过程，根据江苏省境内水热条件、地貌、土壤条件、种植制度等，进行水稻遥感估产区划和样点布设，建立估产背景数据库。利用混合像元分解方法提取水稻种植面积，以及采用遥感植被指数单产模型，进而预测水稻产量。